The Relationship Between Police Officers And Citizens Essay

Perception is reality. What one person believes to be true will be true to them, regardless of what others might think. Blame and perception are two subjects that go hand in hand. This is seen in many aspects of American culture, particularly in the relationship between police officers and citizens. When it comes to this relationship, people tend to take on very strong opinions either in defense of one group or in accusation of another. The viewpoints people take typically depend on which of the two groups they perceive to be good and which they perceive to be bad. These perceptions then provoke people to create strong, generalized ideas of blame onto one group or another for any disagreement that has taken place between the two. This unacquitted blame has led to angry acts of violence, protests, and further division between law enforcement officials and Americans nationwide. As described by Edward Stringham, writer for the Wall Street Journal, â€Å"The past month has seen extraordinary killings, both by police officers and of police officers, in St. Paul, Baton Rouge, and Dallas. All across the political spectrum, people agree that American policing is in turmoil† (Stringham). This division has created a culture of fear, distrust, and anger, and it is because of this hateful relationship that we see so much violence across this country. For many, this feels like an immense and unfixable problem; however, I propose there is a solution. I have created a plan in whichShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And The Police1585 Words   |  7 PagesPolice brutality and office involved shootings have sparked national debate and created a strain between police officers and citizens. Recently, there have been m ore home videos that display acts of aggression by police officers. 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The Secret Circle The Divide Chapter 5 Free Essays

When Cassie arrived at Old Town Hall, the sun was shining down on the carnival as booths and tables were being set up for the evening’s festivities. She searched for her mom among the volunteers so she could help her put up the decorations they’d finally finished making late last night. Old Town Hall was one of the earliest municipal buildings in New Salem. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 5 or any similar topic only for you Order Now When it had been in use, it housed all the town’s federal offices. The surrounding area was designed to be an outdoor market, but these days it was mostly used as a public art space and, of course, to host yearly spring and fall festivals. â€Å"Hey, Cassie.† Laurel appeared carrying a tray of tulip bulbs that was nearly twice her size. She dropped it onto a nearby table and waved a few sweaty strands of hair away from her pixielike face. â€Å"Are you psyched for tonight’s festival?† â€Å"Sure,† Cassie said unconvincingly. â€Å"Well, you should be,† Laurel said. â€Å"The spring equinox is important to us as witches.† She looked to her left and then to her right to be sure nobody had heard her. And then, as Cassie expected, she launched into a history lesson. History and botany lessons were pretty much mandatory when talking to Laurel. You either loved her for it or you had the urge to tape her mouth shut, but for now Cassie humored her. humored her. â€Å"Like many traditions in New Salem, the origin of the spring festival has roots in paganism,† Laurel said. â€Å"This festival used to be called Ostara’s Festival, and it was a holiday to celebrate the Goddess waking from her winter slumber. It was a time when our ancestors honored the balance of all things, the physical with the spiritual. The old books said it was a time to plant seeds in the garden, as well as a time to plant the seeds of desired manifestation.† â€Å"But what does that mean?† Cassie asked. â€Å"It means it’s a time to start new projects and put new plans into action.† Laurel picked up her tray with a grunt and began to walk away. â€Å"It’s something to get excited about,† she said over her shoulder. Cassie let her eyes wander around the square. In every booth was a local merchant offering samples of food or drink, or the chance to bid on some item up for auction. Local bands were setting up their equipment on a ramshackle stage. The whole event had simply become a backdrop for the kickoff of the tourist season. But still, Cassie thought she should embrace it. It was a celebration of sorts, like Laurel said. Cassie found her mother on the far side of the square, stapling paper daffodils along a wooden baseboard. Across from her, Cassie saw Melanie and Constance setting up their jewelry booth. Melanie’s smooth cap of chestnut hair was pulled neatly back, while Constance’s gray mane feathered madly in the wind. They were quite a pair; Melanie was tall and beautiful and prepossessing, and Constance was shrunken and slumped over, bossily calling Constance was shrunken and slumped over, bossily calling out commands with her wrinkled pointer finger. But the love and compassion between them was palpable, and the jewelry they designed was a physical product of that love. Melanie had told Cassie that the local townspeople didn’t have a real understanding of crystals, but that didn’t matter. Their jewelry made for pretty conversation pieces, and Aunt Constance really appreciated the extra cash. Cassie waved to Melanie from afar and then spotted Diana. She was wearing all white, and the way the sun was striking her blonde hair, it appeared almost white, too. My God, Cassie thought, Diana is literally shimmering like an angel. And appropriately, she was helping with the charity raffle this year. In fact, she’d organized it. Sometimes Cassie wondered if there was anything Diana couldn’t do. Cassie gave her mom a signal to let her know she’d be right there and then headed over to the raffle table to say hello to Diana. She’d felt so distant from Diana lately, she thought stopping by would be a nice gesture. Maybe even a first step in clearing the air between them. Cassie understood the distance was because she spent most of her free time with Adam these days. How could that not make things weird, when not so long ago it used to be Diana who spent all her time with Adam? But in spite of all that, when Diana noticed Cassie coming her way now, she couldn’t have offered her a more heartfelt greeting. She dropped her clipboard onto the table and jogged across the square to meet Cassie halfway. â€Å"I’m so glad you’re here,† she said. â€Å"Your mother’s decorations look fantastic.† â€Å"Thanks,† Cassie said, and then hesitated. She hadn’t known she was going to do this, but in the moment it felt right. â€Å"Can we talk?† she asked. Without waiting for an answer, she took Diana’s hand tightly in her own and led her to the side of the square, where there was a long stone bench they could sit on without the risk of anyone overhearing their conversation. â€Å"There’s something I have to tell you,† Cassie said. Diana’s green eyes narrowed with concern, but she sat down, as instructed. Cassie sat across from her, anxiously rubbing her fingers along the bench’s stone surface. â€Å"I’ve been feeling so bad,† she said. â€Å"For all the awkwardness.† Diana smiled wide. â€Å"Kind of like right now?† â€Å"Yeah.† Cassie felt herself blush. â€Å"I guess I am being kind of awkward right now. It’s just that I know how close you and Adam were, and the sacrifice you made, and – † Diana cut Cassie off mid-sentence. â€Å"Cassie, I know. I really do. And it has been hard at times, but I think we’ve all grown used to it a lot faster than you have.† She put her hands on Cassie’s shoulders and gave her a little shake. â€Å"There are no hard feelings. Honestly. It’s you who’s making it hard, for yourself.† Cassie’s eyes filled with tears, and she realized Diana was right. She had been making things unnecessarily difficult. This was supposed to be a new beginning. Everywhere around her, people were embracing change while she clung on to old hurts and past fears. â€Å"Does this mean we can hang out more?† she asked. â€Å"I sure hope so!† Diana brought her in for a hug, and when Cassie closed her eyes, everything felt just right. A new beginning, she thought to herself again. Now she really would be able to enjoy the festival. Together she and Diana walked through the square, arm in arm, back to the raffle table. Cassie didn’t want their renewed closeness to end, but she had work to do. â€Å"I’d better go help my mom,† she said, and was about to walk away when a girl approached her. The girl had long waves of bright red hair and wore high black boots that caught on the hem of her slip dress. â€Å"Excuse me,† she said. â€Å"I’m looking for the bed-and-breakfast that’s supposed to be right around here.† She was about the same height and build as Cassie, and her eyes were a very dark brown, almost black. Diana pointed west. â€Å"It’s about a two-minute walk that way.† The girl gripped the handle of her overstuffed suitcase and stood gawking at them, as if she were hoping for more. â€Å"I’m Scarlett,† she said, offering her free hand to Diana. Diana introduced herself and Cassie, and then asked, â€Å"Are you visiting from out of town?† â€Å"Not visiting. I just moved here.† Scarlett bit at her fingernail, which was covered in chipped black nail polish. â€Å"I’m only staying at the B and B for now, if I ever find it.† Diana raised her eyebrows. â€Å"Moving to a new town with only one suitcase, that’s very impressive.† Scarlett laughed uncomfortably like she wasn’t sure if Diana was playfully teasing or rudely making fun of her. Cassie wasn’t entirely sure either. She knew Diana well enough to sense that she had her guard up around this stranger. â€Å"Will you be going to New Salem High?† Diana asked. Scarlett shook her head. â€Å"I graduated early. I’m working on the docks for the summer.† â€Å"I see,† Diana said, in a tone dripping with judgment. Diana got like this around Outsiders sometimes. Cassie knew she didn’t mean to be impolite; in fact, she probably wasn’t even aware of it. It was an unconscious self-righteousness that came from always knowing she was special. But Cassie knew what growing up average was like, and she’d once been the new girl in town. She sympathized with how awful and alienated Scarlett probably felt right now. â€Å"Well, thank you for the directions,† Scarlett said. â€Å"It was nice meeting you.† â€Å"Wait.† Cassie had the sudden urge to remedy Diana’s inhospitable welcome. â€Å"You should come to the festival tonight. It’s right here; you can’t miss it.† Scarlett giggled in a way that made her sound like a little girl, and Cassie couldn’t help but join in. There was something refreshing about her. â€Å"We just met, and already you’re taking a shot at my poor sense of direction?† Then her face warmed. â€Å"I’d love to come, thank you.† â€Å"Great,† Cassie said. â€Å"Then we’ll see you later.† Cassie watched Scarlett walk away, and Diana picked up her clipboard from the table. â€Å"That was neighborly of you,† she said. â€Å"What do you mean?† â€Å"You know.† Diana scrutinized her list of things to do, flipping through its many pages. â€Å"Considerate, gregarious.† â€Å"I know what neighborly means, but what do you mean?† Diana set the clipboard down and rolled her pen back and forth in her fingers while analyzing Cassie’s expression. â€Å"You saw something in her, didn’t you? What was it?† Cassie should have known there was never getting anything past Diana. It was true, she had seen something in Scarlett, but she wasn’t sure what. Cassie felt a tingle travel up her spine and down her arms, all the way to her fingers. It was an excitement she couldn’t place. â€Å"I’m really not sure. But I think it was something good.† â€Å"Well, that’s pleasant news for a change,† Diana said. â€Å"Tell me about it.† â€Å"Maybe it was her hair dye drawing you in.† â€Å"Be nice,† Cassie said. â€Å"I’m not being mean,† Diana said naughtily. â€Å"It made me want to drink a glass of wild cherry Kool-Aid. I love that stuff.† Then the two of them broke into loud, uninhibited laughter, the way they used to. How to cite The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 5, Essay examples

Business Analysis and Process

Question: Describe business analysis and process to support the operations and customer service policies of Tesco, a major retail business entity. Answer: 1. Project Information For the purpose of the study, the establishment of business analytics and processes to support the operational and customer service policies of Tesco, a major retail business entity. Kerzner (2013) stated that the IT project management primarily focuses to work on applications and analytical projects to serve customers better. This includes implementing advanced technology mechanisms to collect customer data track consumer data accordingly. Burke (2013) mentioned that in addition, it would assist the management of the organization to record customer preferences and frame the marketing as well as the operational policies accordingly. It is expected that this would assist the daily business functionalities in a more effective manner. The operational process of the business entity would be more effective in offering superior customer services to the employees. These technologies are expected to assist any retail business entity to enhance their production rate with requiring minimum amount of time and resources (Walker 2015). Assumptions Various internal and external factors can affect the development of such technologies. These include the market demand and general consumer choices and preferences. The response of customer towards such changes in the operational processes of a business enterprise is one factor that should be considered here (Leach 2014).In addition, the intensity of market completion is another essential attribute affecting the implementation of IT projects in the organization. The internal factors include the cost incurred in implementing such a project. The project should be commercially viable from the point of view of the investors in a business enterprise. In other words the IT project would be able to add to the profitability of the firm. Besides this, the financial state of the business enterprise is other essential criteria that can have an impact towards adopting such technology relating to applications and analytics (Phillips 2013) The retail brand should have the necessary financial strength to incur considerable expenditure without affecting the revenue inflow of the firm. Another internal factor is the training and aptitude of the employees working in the firm. The employees should posses the necessary skills to make optimum utilization of such advanced technology mechanisms that shall reduce the operational expenses of a business enterprise. (Turner 2014). However, the quality of such IT projects is an essential factor in determining the finan cial position of the organization. The risks associated with such a project relates to the financial expenditures and negative consumer perception. In addition, it can be said that there shall be some amount of resistance from within the organization (Marchewka 2014). The project management procedure would be able to overcome such constraints in helping the organization to achieve business sustainability. Constraints The following are the limitations and constraints of the project management process Budget - To implement an IT project shall require considerable expenditure. Therefore, such expenditures shall be considered when adopting such procedures. As per the budget decided by the management of the organization, the management must introduce such IT projects. However, this can lead to high expenses, which the business enterprise should be able to bear. According to Heagney (2012), it should be critically analyzed to prevent such expenses form adversely influencing the financial stability of the business enterprise. Time - Limitation of time is one of the pertinent limitations that can affect the stability of a business organization . As such , constraints of time is one of the essential attribute that the business organization has to consider before introducing such IT project in the organization .Therefore, the procedure of implementing such processes in the organization should be done in minimum period to assist the organization in its growth. Mir and Pinnington (2014) noted that a lengthy procedure would not be beneficial for the firm in the end. Training The staff has to be adequately trained to adapt to such changes. It can be stated that lack of training in technology requirements shall harm the growth of the business enterprise. Effective training has been a pertinent limitation towards imposing such changes in the operational processes of a retail business entity (Crawford 2014). This would have a negative influence on the quality of customer services offered by the entity. 2. Project Approach The business approach should be an in-depth covering a range of activities that has to be influenced when implementing the business applications and analytical procedures of a business enterprise. Firstly, the necessary discrepancies and the weaknesses in the organization shall be implemented. The business approach is mainly based on the following requirements - Effective operational as well as customer service policies to the management (Unab and Kundi 2014). Therefore, these two processes shall be adequately considered when building analytics and business application to keep track of consumer demand and preferences as well as the effectiveness of the operational policies of the business enterprise. According to Teller et al. (2014), establishment of applications and business analytics should follow a systematic procedure. Therefore, it should involve minimum amount of time and resources. In addition, it s shall be effective enough to serve the purpose of the business organization. Project Requirements The following are the requirements of the project as per the MOSCOW analysis Must have - The must have requirements are critical to the success of the project these include - essential details related to the development of the applications. The application is constituted of the variable and the fixed factors that are vital to the functionalities of these applications in the context of developing of smoother operational processes of the business enterprise. According to Meng (2012), the variable factors like consumer demand, the economic conditions of a particular place and the market conditions are subjected to frequent changes. Therefore, the business applications and analytics must consider all these elements when developing advanced technological processes to assist a business enterprise. Should have The Moscow analysis presents a vital emphasis on the constituents that can be labeled as essential items on the establishment of IT project management procedures. Young (2013) mentioned that these elements bring added benefits. In the context of the study, these elements relate to adoption of essential technological requirements that enables a entity to offer superior customer service. Could have The certain technological requirements that can be labeled as could have and therefore not necessary to the achievement of primary objectives to the business enterprise. These relate to implementing processes to achieve greater sales revenue in the market. Wont have These relate to the establishment of procedure that are not necessary, in the context of the present business position of the retail entity. In this regard, it can be said that these procedure shall have an adverse influence to the business sustainability of a retail business enterprise. These would also lead to unnecessary expenses, thereby, affecting the productivity of a firm. In these regard , it can be said that items labeled as wont have should be strictly avoided to prevent any undue threat or obstacle that can affect the IT project management procedure Proposed Deliverable The project deliverable consists of the following three stages Conceptualization - In this stage, there shall be two constituents that are- business transformation, technical solutions as well architecture. The Conceptualization stage is the initial stage where the IT project management is fully planned and the necessary steps are taken for its implementation. Development The development process relates to the process where customized Apps as well as analytics are established to enhance the current business processes. This relates to the improving the existing operational polices, and offering customer services to the buyers. Operations This is the final stage of the project deliverable processes. The operations stage can be classified into three stages which are - Infra and Network , Operations as well as the support towards the applications of a business enterprise. The Infra and Network relates to improving the existing technicalities currently followed in the organization (Holzmann 2013). The Applications support relate to consolidating the newly developed applications as well as the business analytics procedures that are being followed in the business enterprise. The operational stage facilities the support functions of a retail entity. The support functions can be subdivided into Finance, LD, HR and operations (Canils and Bakens 2012). The Project management office as well as integrated portfolio management are the functions that shall be supported by IT project management procedure From the above diagram it can be said that the development of business apps and analytics shall assist a retail entity to provided support to a range of business functionalities . 3. Governance structure The governing structure shall determine the implementation of the IT project management in the business enterprise (Lock 2014). Therefore, the authority and the direction would come from the top management of the organization. In this regard , it can be said that the nature of structural policies followed in the organization shall determine the success of the business to large extent . Therefore, it is upto the management of the organization to make necessary planning relating the implementation of the project management activities in an organization. The engineers of the organization shall handle the technical issues. Any technical issues shall be handled by people having qualified expertise in the field of IT project management (Tong and Thomson 2015). In regarding implementing the changes within every layer in the organization, the human resources department shall be responsible. The project team and the top management or the leadership group shall have a very important relationsh ip. There should be a clear flow of communication between these two parties, to avoid any misrepresentation of data. It can be said that both parties are co-dependent on each other (Besner, and Hobbs 2013). The project team is dependent on the governance entities for adequate resources as well as the direction that the implementation of business applications and other analytics that the business organization would be required to be followed. On the other hand, the management is dependent on the project team to determine consistent delivery of IT solutions to a business enterprise .This shall enable the business entity to authenticate the use of business applications and analytics for the betterment and growth of the organization. Work break down structure Outline Number Task Name Duration Start Finish Evaluation stage 0 TESCO Business applications 86 days Mon 03-05-16 Mon 02-05-16 1 Project start 0 days Mon 04-05-16 Mon 04-05-16 2 Phase 1: Requirement specification 18 days Mon 04-05-16 Wed 28-05-16 2.1 Meeting fixed with the director 0.5 days Mon 04-05-16 Mon 04-01-16 1 2.2 Assessing the present situation of the school 1 day Mon 03-05-16 Tue 05-0516 3 2.3 Assessing the requirements of the system 0.5 days Tue 05-05-16 Tue 05-01-16 4 2.4 Collecting information about the methods currently being used 1 day Wed 06-05-16 Wed 06-01-16 5 2.5 Client meetings 1 day Thu 07-05-16 Thu 07-01-16 6 2.6 Documentation procedure 1 14 days Fri 08-05-16 Wed 27-05-16 2.6.1 Establishing the scope statement 1 day Fri 08-05-16 Fri 08-05-16 7 2.6.2 Functional requirements 0.5 days Mon 11-05-16 Mon 11-01-16 9 2.6.3 Non functional necessaities 0.6 days Mon 11-05-16 Mon 11-01-16 10 2.6.4 Establishing the documents to establish the non-functional documents of the organization 2 days Pplications Tue 12-05-16 Wed 12-05-16 11 2.6.5 Document submission 1 day Thu 14-05-16 Thu 14-05-16 12 2.6.6 Acceptance of proposal 1 day Fri 15-05-16 Fri 15-05-16 13 2.6.7 Changes reflected by the client 2 days Mon 18-05-16 Tue 19-05-16 14 2.6.8 Assessing of project 2 days Wed 20-05-16 Thu 21-05-16 15 2.6.9 Budget estimation of project 2 days Fri 22-05-16 Mon 25-05 -16 16 2.6.10 Budgetory necessities regarding the client 1 day Tue 26-05-16 Tue 26-05-16 17 2.6.11 Establishment o of budget and schedule 1 day Wed 27-05-16 Wed 27-05-16 18 2.7 Approval of proposals 0 days Wed 27-05-16 Wed 27-05-16 19 3 Step 2: Establishing the entire project team 8 days Thu 28-05-16 Mon 08-02-16 3.1 Deciding on the team 3.5 days Thu 28-05-16 Tue 02-02-16 3.1.1 The selection of Project team procedure 0.5 days Thu 28-05-16 Thu 28-05-16 20 3.1.2 Project leader choosing procedure 1 day Thu 28-05-16 Fri 29-05-16 23 3.2 Deciding on the training needs of the resources. 4.5 days Tue 02-02-16 Mon 08-02-16 4.1.1 Designs of the system 2 days Tue 09-05-16 Wed 10-02-16 31 4.1.2 Developing the prototype based on the primary designs 7 days Thu 11-05-16 Fri 19-02-16 34 4.1.3 Allowing the client to test the prototype 4 days Mon 22-05-16 Thu 25-02-16 35 4.1.4 Considering changes requested by the client 7 days Fri 26-05-16 Mon 07-03-16 36 4.1.5 The procedure of approve of new design 1 day Tue 08-05-16 Tue 08-03-16 37 4.2 Prototype approved by client 0 days Tue 08-05-16 Tue 08-03-16 38 4.3 Establsihing the working model 23 days Wed 09-05-16 Fri 08-04-16 4.3.1 Final design 4 days Wed 09-05-16 Mon 14-03-16 39 4.3.2 Coding the ICT system 12 days Tue 15-05-16 Wed 30-03-16 41 4.3.3 Test phase 2 days Thu 31-05-16 Fri 01-04-16 42 4.3.4 System installation 3 days Mon 04-05-16 Wed 06-04-16 43 4.3.5 Integration test (after the system has been installed in the school) 2 days Thu 07-05-16 Fri 08-04-16 44 4.4 system commissioned 0 days Fri 08-05-16 Fri 08-04-16 45 5 Phase 4: Employee Training procedure 13 days Mon 11-04-16 Wed 27-04-16 5.1 Improving the documenatation of the User manuals and other necessary requirements 3 days Mon 11-04-16 Wed 13-04-16 46 5.2 Training methods and techniques 4 days Thu 14-04-16 Tue 19-04-16 48 5.3 Training program implemented for the employees 6 days Wed 20-04-16 Wed 27-04-16 4 RACI Chart ACTIVITY Project Manager Systems Analyst SMEF SMEA Application Programm Information System procedure Program Team member Quality Assuranc e procedure e Phase 1: Stating the requiremnts XXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX Director meeting R - - - - - - - Measuring the present situtauon C - - - - R - - system requirements C - - - - R - - Data collection procedure I R - - - - - - Management decision . I - - - - R - - Documentation phase 1 XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX Developing the scope statement I - - R - - - - Deciding on the functional requirements of the ICT system I - - R - - - - Deciding on the non functional requirements of the ICT system I - - R - - - - Identifying the necessary requirements about the IT project implemantation I - - R - - - - Submission of documenst d - - - - - - - Proposal accepted XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX Accence of changes indicated by client I R - - - - - - Predictiing tiem estimation - - R - - - - - Budget estimation of project - - R - - - - - Informig the client about the schedule . R A A - - - - - Client approves budget and schedule I - - - - - - - All proposals approved XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX Phase 2: Defining the entire project team XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX Deciding on the team XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX Selection of project team R Selection of project leader R Deciding about the vision and mission about the project A I I I I I R I Documenting team rules R C C C C C C C Skill determination C - - - - R - - Implementing the trainung needs of the resource XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX Collecting information regarding the skill sets of the resources R - - - - - - - Documenting the roles and responsibilities of the project team R - - - - - - Training of resources A - - - - R - - Phase 3 : Establsihment phase of the organizatin XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX The nature of prototype XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX The inherentdesign of the system A I I I I R I I Developing the prototype based on the primary designs A I I I I I R I Designing the prototype A R I I I I I I Taking into account the changes A I I I I R I I Requesting the client to approve the new design R I I I I I I Prototype approved by client XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX Establishing the working model of the XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX Design of the system A I I I I R I I Development of Coding procedures A I I I I I R I Test procedure A I I I I I I R Implementation of newer system and proceses A I I I I I R I Evaluating the Test A I I I I I I R Isystem commissioned R I I I I I I I Phase 4: Employee Training procedure XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXX Documentaion of user manuals A - - R - - - - Training materials docmentation A - - R - - - - Desiging the training program A - - - R - - Phase 5: Project closure phase XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX Conducting the post implementation review A C R C C C C CI Client sign off R - - - - - - - Resarching the documents R I I I I I I I Terminatin of the project R - - - - - - - Project Charter of Tesco Work Schedule Project Milestone Date of Completion Stakeholder Judge Acceptance Criteria Preliminary survey of organizational requirements 4 days Investors Authentic presentation of the project requirements Gathering I T resources 7days IT Manager Relevant resources Assembling the machines 32 days IT Manager Offering effective assistance to the project Purchase of raw materials 25 days Operations Manager Relevant to the project requirements Order requirements 10 days Project Manager Efficient usage Preparation of retail constituents 5 days IT Manager Retail assessment Facilitating the preparation of foundation base 60 months IT Manager Engineer Strong foundation Development of product plan 28 days Project Manager Enhanced utilization of resources Estimation of Total time period 35 dayd Operation Manager Time limit or deadline Implementing the business analytics 14 days IT Manager Effective business operations Executing project requirement 12 days Project Manger Determining the project constituents Evaluating the results 15 days Achieving the objectives set at the outset Make required alteration 5 days Sponsor Strong business operations Risk Assessment Project Risk Risk Owner Raw material quality IT manager Cost of production Finance Manager Wrong assessment of raw materials Civil Engineer Lack of sponsorship Project Manager Equipment support procedure Procurement Manager Wrong preliminary design IT manager Insufficient use of resources Project manager Stakeholder management The IT project shall have an important effect on the stakeholders of a business enterprise. The cost incurred in these projects would add to the production expenses of the firm. In this regard, it can be said that this would enable the stakeholders to judge the existing condition of the business enterprise. Also the benefits related to the adoption of IT project management would be explained to the shareholders of the management to assist them to make important financial decisions of the business enterprise (Kaiser et al. 2015). The stakeholder management is a pertinent issue that can have an important effect on the implementation of IT project management. As such, these factors must be considered when building business applications and analytics in an organization. Communications Management The communications management have an essential influence on the relationship between the stakeholders of the management and the project management team. Regular reports are provided to the stakeholders regarding the progress of IT project management procedure and its implications on the current business processes, in the context of the retail market (Mller et al. 2013). Project control Gantt chart Outline Number Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Resource Names 0 IT project management 86 days Mon 05-05-16 Mon 05-05-16 1 Project start date 0 days Mon 05-05-16 Mon 05-05-16 Project Manager 2 Phase 1: Requirement specification 18 days Mon 05-05-16 Wed 27-05-16 2.1 Meeting with key personells 0.5 days Mon 05-05-16 Mon 05-05-16 1 Project Manager 2.2 Assessing the present situation of the school 1 day Mon 05-05-16 Tue 05-05-16 3 Information System 2.3 Assessing the requirements of the system 0.5 days Tue 05-05-16 Tue 05-05-16 4 Information System 2.4 Collecting information about the methods currently being used 1 day Wed 06-05-16 Wed 06-05-16 5 Systems Analyst 2.5 Client meetings to decide on the design the system. 1 day Thu 07-05-16 Thu 07-05-16 6 Information System 2.6 Documentation phase 1 14 days Fri 08-05-16 Wed 27-05-16 2.6.1 Developing the scope statement 1 day Fri 08-05-16 Fri 08-05-16 7 Subject Matter Expert 2.6.2 The requirement of the IT project management 0.5 days Mon 11-05-16 Mon 11-05-16 9 Subject Matter Expert tasks (SMEA) 2.6.3 Emphasizing on functional requirements of the business applications and analytics processes 0.5 days Mon 11-05-16 Mon 11-05-16 10 Subject Matter Expert 2.6.4 Developing the documents to be used for identifying the functional and non-functional requirements of the Gantt chart 2 days Tue 12-05-16 Wed 13-05-16 11 Subject Matter Expert 2.6.5 Presentation of documents 1 day Thu 14-05-16 Thu 14-05-16 12 Project Manager 2.6.6 Acceptance of proposal 1 day Fri 15-05-16 Fri 15-05-16 13 2.6.7 Acceptance of changes indicated by client 2 days Mon 18-05-16 Tue 19-05-16 14 Systems Analyst 2.6.8 Time estimation of project 2 days Wed 20-05-16 Thu 21-05-16 15 Subject Matter Expert 2.6.9 Project budget estimation 2 days Fri 22-05-16 Mon 25-05-16 16 Subject Matter Expert 2.6.10 Schedule and budgetary requirements to the client. 1 day Tue 26-05-16 Tue 26-05-16 17 Project Manager 2.6.11 The procedure approval of budget and schedule 1 day Wed 27-05-16 Wed 27-05-16 18 2.7 Approval of proposals 0 days Wed 27-05-16 Wed 27-05-16 19 3 Phase 2: Defining the entire project team 8 days Thu 28-05-16 Mon 08-05-16 3.1 Approval of the team 3.5 days Thu 28-05-16 Tue 05-05-16 3.1.1 Selection of project team 0.5 days Thu 28-05-16 Thu 28-05-16 20 Project Manager 3.1.2 Selection of project leader 1 day Thu 28-05-16 Fri 29-05-16 23 Project Manager 3.1.3 Discussion on the mission and vision of the project undertaken 1 day Fri 29-05-16 Mon 05-05-16 24 Program Team member 3.1.4 Documenting team rules 0.5 days Mon 05-05-16 Mon 05-05-16 25 Project Manager 3.1.5 Skill determination 0.5 days Tue 05-05-16 Tue 05-05-16 26 Information System 3.2 Deciding on the training needs of the resources. 4.5 days Tue 05-05-16 Mon 08-05-16 3.2.1 Collecting information regarding the skill sets of the resources 1 day Tue 05-05-16 Wed 05-05-16 27 Project Manager 3.2.2 Documenting the roles and responsibilities of the project team 0.5 days Wed 05-05-16 Wed 05-05-16 29 Project Manager 3.2.3 Training of resources for development of skills and aptitude 3 days Thu 05-05-16 Mon 08-05-16 30 Program Team member 4 Phase 3 : Development phase 44 days Tue 09-05-16 Fri 08-05-16 4.1 The prototype 21 days Tue 09-05-16 Tue 08-05-16 4.1.1 Design relating to the system . 2 days Tue 09-05-16 Wed 10-05-16 31 Information System Expert 4.1.2 Establishment of prototype based on the primary designs 7 days Thu 11-05-16 Fri 19-05-16 34 Program Team member, Software [1] 4.1.3 Faciliataing clientTest 4 days Mon 22-05-16 Thu 25-05-16 35 Systems Analyst 4.1.4 Considering changes requested by the client 7 days Fri 26-05-16 Mon 07-05-16 36 System Expert 4.1.5 The procedure of approval of the client 1 day Tue 08-05-16 Tue 08-05-16 37 Project Manager 4.2 Prototype approved by client 0 days Tue 08-05-16 Tue 08-05-16 38 4.3 Establishment of the working model relating to the development of business applications and design 23 days Wed 09-05-16 Fri 08-05-16 4.3.1 Final design 4 days Wed 09-05-16 Mon 14-05-16 39 Information System Expert 4.3.2 Coding 12 days Tue 15-05-16 Wed 30-05-16 41 Program Team member 4.3.3 Test phase 2 days Thu 31-05-16 Fri 05-05-16 42 Quality Assurance Tester 4.3.4 system installation 3 days Mon 05-05-16 Wed 06-05-16 43 Program Team member 4.3.5 Integration examination (after the system has been used for a fewdays) 2 days Thu 07-05-16 Fri 08-05-16 44 Quality Assurance Tester 4.4 Business application system procedure 0 days Fri 08-04-16 Fri 08-05-16 45 Project Manager 5 Phase 4: Employee Training phase 13 days Mon 11-04-16 Wed 27-05-16 5.1 Documentation of user manuals and/ or the The IT project management system manuals 3 days Mon 11-04-16 Wed 13-05-16 46 Subject Matter Expert on administrative tasks (SMEA) 5.2 Documenting training materials 4 days Thu 14-04-16 Tue 19-05-16 48 Qualified personels facilaiting administrative tasks (SMEA) 5.3 Conducting a training program for the employees 6 days Wed 20-04-16 Wed 27-05-16 49 Information System procedure 6 Phase 5: Project closure phase 3 days Thu 28-04-16 Mon 05-05-16 6.1 Conducting the post implementation review 0.5 days Thu 28-04-16 Thu 28-05-16 50 Subject Matter Expert relating to finance and commerce (SMEF) 6.2 Role of client 0.5 days Thu 28-04-16 Thu 28-05-16 52 Project Manager 6.3 Documenting the 'Lessons learnt' 1 day Fri 29-04-16 Fri 29-05-16 53 Project Manager 6.4 Release project resources 1 day Mon 02-05-16 Mon 05-05-16 54 Project Manager 7 End of project 0 days Mon 02-05-16 Mon 05-05-16 55 Quality Management As per the goals and objectives of the organization, the following quality management standards have been established. Functional measurer- As per the objectives of the organization, the functional measures have been decided. The functional measures relate o the attributes that directly contribute to the goals and objectives of the organization (Bowers and Khorakian 2014). These relate to pertinent operational policies of the management of the organization. Non- functional measures The non-functional measures relates to the attributes that do not have a significant impact on the business success and failure of a business enterprise .These characteristics relate to the operational as well as financial strategies of a business enterprise Performance -- The performance of a business enterprise is dependent on a number of factors. These relate to favorable market conditions, the current market position of a business enterprise and other external factors that has been affecting the position of business enterprise. Regular reporting should be done to the stakeholders of the business organization regarding the specific details about the IT project (Joslin. and Mller 2015). The business applications as well as the analytics of the business enterprise shall have a potent effect on the Accuracy - The authenticity of the financial statements is an essential factor in determining the financial stability of a business enterprise. Thus, it is an important attribute that the organization has to consider when implementing IT project management procedure in a business enterprise. Security- The quality management of an organization places special emphasis on the protecting the important documents of a business enterprise (Teller 2013). This relates to prevent disclosing of financial and operational data of a business enterprise that can have an adverse impact on the reputation and goodwill of a business enterprise. Compatibility - The organization has to make efforts to be compatible to the business organization. In this regard, it can be said that compatible policies shall enable an organization to develop the corporate strategies that shall improve the existing business policies of an organization. Reliability - The organization policies has to be reliable in order to gain the trust of the shareholders as well as the employees of the organization. The reliable policies of an organization mostly refer to the traditional operational and manufacturing policies of an organization. Flexibility The most flexible financial policies of an organization refer to the human resource policies of an organization. It is expected that the human resource policies of an organization shall be suitable towards the implementation of IT project management procedures in the organization .This also relates to implementing newer business processes in the organization that shall require the assistance of the management of an organization . Financial Management The financial Management of an organization relates to the adopting costing techniques to reduce the business enterprise. This also relates to reducing the production expenses of a business enterprise by adopting efficient financial procedures. The projects finances shall be managed by the fair value method. The fair value method shall represent the authenticate performance of a business enterprise. In this regard, it can be said that it is the most preferred method of preparing the financial statement of a business enterprise as it states the most relevant financial figures of a business enterprise. Risk Management - The method of risk management assesses the business processes that identify the requirements that pose a threat to the sustainability. The risk management process entails proper coordination of the economic as well as the financial resources of a business enterprise In addition; it evaluates the necessary attributes that are vital to the implementation of business applications and analytics in an organization. Project Monitoring The project shall be managed through by giving regular reports to the management of a business organization. In addition, the operational department shall evaluate the performance of the newly established business applications and analytics against the standard yardstick set at the outset. In the case of any discrepancies, due measures shall be taken by the project management team to rectify the situation. Implement an in-depth project monitoring procedure would prevent unnecessary wastage of time and resources. Lessons learnt In the implementation of the newer business applications and analytics, the brand would be able to facilitate its production and customer service policies. However, this shall incur considerable expenditures. Therefore, the primary responsibility to establish a budget is to cover the requirements of the business organization. In addition , the total work should be allocated between the teams in the organization to complete it successfully requiring minimum time and resources . As 1such, a predetermined plan should be framed to avoid any hassles in the implementation of business applications and analytics to provide support to Tesco. References Kerzner, H. 2013. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Burke, R., 2013.Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons. Leach, L.P., 2014.Critical chain project management. Artech House. Phillips, J., 2013.PMP, Project Management Professional (Certification Study Guides). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. Turner, J.R. ed., 2014. Gower handbook of project management. Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Marchewka, J.T., 2014. Information technology project management. John Wiley Sons. Heagney, J., 2012.Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), pp.202-217. Crawford, J.K., 2014.Project management maturity model. CRC Press. Unab, W. and Kundi, M.F.A., 2014. Review of Project Management (PM) Practices in Public Infrastructure Development Organizations of Pakistan.Journal of Strategy and Performance Management,2(4), p.144. Teller, J., Kock, A. and Gemnden, H.G., 2014. Risk management in project portfolios is more than managing project risks: a contingency perspective on risk management.Project Management Journal,45(4), pp.67-80. Meng, X., 2012. The effect of relationship management on project performance in construction.International journal of project management,30(2), pp.188-198. Young, T.L., 2013.Successful project management(Vol. 52). Kogan Page Publishers. Holzmann, V., 2013. A meta-analysis of brokering knowledge in project management.International Journal of Project Management,31(1), pp.2-13. Canils, M.C. and Bakens, R.J., 2012. The effects of Project Management Information Systems on decision making in a multi project environment. International Journal of Project Management, 30(2), pp.162-175. Lock, M.D., 2014.The essentials of project management. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Tong, M. and Thomson, C., 2015. Developing a Critical Literature Review for Project Management Research.Designs, Methods and Practices for Research of Project Management, p.153. Besner, C. and Hobbs, B., 2013. Contextualized project management practice: A cluster analysis of practices and best practices.Project Management Journal,44(1), pp.17-34.

This Is It Essay Example

This Is It Essay Philippine Literature The Spanish Period (1565-1898) A. SPANISH INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE 1. Roman alphabet. 2. The Christian Doctrine 3. The Spanish language 4. European legends and traditions 5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects. 6. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan 7. Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone. B. THE FIRST BOOKS 1. Ang Doctrina Cristiana (The Christian Doctrine). This was the first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography. It was written by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva, in Tagalog and Spanish. 2. Nuestra Senora del Rosario written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose in 1602, it contains the biographies of saints, novenas, and questions and answers on religion. 3. Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre (in Spanish and Tagalog). This is the first book printed in typography. 4. Ang Barlaan at Josephat. This is a Biblical story printed in the Philippines and translated to Tagalog. 5. The Pasion. This is the book about the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ. It is read only during Lent. 6. Urbana at Felisa. A book by Modesto de Castro. These are letters between two sisters Urbana at Felisa and have influenced greatly the behavior of people in society because the letters dealt with good behavior. 7. Ang Mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalms for Mary). A collection of songs praising the Virgin Mary. It was popular especially during the Maytime â€Å"Flores de Mayo† festival. C. LITERARY COMPOSITIONS 1. Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and rules of the Tagalog language). 2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog language). 3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog vocabulary 4. We will write a custom essay sample on This Is It specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on This Is It specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on This Is It specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampanga vocabulary)   5. Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan vocabulary) 6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocano language)   7. Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol language) D. FOLK SONGS – Folk songs became widespread in the Philippines. E. RECEREATIONAL PLAYS 1. Tibag – the word tibag means to excavate. This ritual was brought here by the Spaniard to remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the Cross on which Jesus died. 2. Lagaylay – this is a special occasion for the Pilarenos of Sorsogon during Maytime to get together. 3. Cenaculo – this is a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death of Jesus Christ. There are two kinds: *Cantada Chanted like passion. *Hablada lines are spoken in a more deliberate manner showing the rhythmic measure of each verse and the rhyming in each stanza and is more dignified in theme. 4. Panunuluyan – this is presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve. This is a presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to deliver the baby Jesus. 5. Salubong (or Panubong) The Salubong is an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ and his Mother. . Carillo (Shadow Play) – this is a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest. 7. Zarzuela is a musical comedy or melodrama three acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some social or political proble. 8. Sainete – T hey were exaggerated comedies shown between acts of long plays and were mostly performed by characters from the lower classes. Themes were taken from everyday life scenarios. F. THE MORO-MORO – It is presented also on a special stage. This is performed during town fiestas to entertain the people and to remind them of their Christian religion. G. KARAGATAN – This is a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated during the death of a person H. DUPLO The Duplo replace the Karagatan. This is a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning. The roles are taken from the Bible and from proverbs and saying. It is usually played during wakes for the dead. I. THE BALAGTASAN This is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue. This is replaced the DUPLO and is held to honor Francisco â€Å"Balagtas† Baltazar. J. THE DUNG-AW This is a chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his representative beside the corpse of the dead. No definite meter or rhyming scheme is used. The person chanting it freely recites in poetic rhythm according to his feelings, emotions and thoughts K. THE AWIT and the CORRIDO Some use these two interchangeably because distinction is not clear. The Period of Enlightenment (1872-1898) A. THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT (1872-1896) DR. JOSE P. RIZAL His books and writings: 1. Noli Me Tangere exposed the evils in society. 2. El Filibusterismo exposed those in the government and in the church. 3. Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell). This was a poem by Rizal while he was incarcerated at Fort Santiago. MARCELO H. DEL PILAR Writings: 1. Dasalan At Tocsohan (Prayers and Jokes) 2. Sagot Sa Espanya Sa Hibik Ng Pilipinas (Answer to Spain on the Plea of the Filipinos) 3. Dupluhan†¦dalit†¦mga Bugtong GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA Writings: 1. Ang Fray Botod (Friar Botod). He exposed how some of the friars were greedy, ambitious and immoral. B. THE ACTIVE REVOLUTION ANDRES BONIFACIO Writings: 1. Ang Dapat Mabatid Ng Mga Tagalog (What the Tagalogs Should Know). 2. Katungkulang Gagawin Ng Mga Anak Ng Bayan (Obligations of Our Countrymen). 3. Huling Paalam (Last Farewell). EMILIO JACINTO Writings : 1. Kartilya Ng Katipunan (A primer book on the Katipunan) 2. Liwanag At Dilim (Light and Darkness). A collection of essays on different subjects like freedom, work, faith, government, love of country. EMILIO AGUINALDO 1. El Verdadero Decalogo (The True Decalogue or Ten Commandments). This was his masterpiece and his aim here was to propagate the spirit of nationalism. NEWSPAPERS DURING THE REVOLUTION 1. HERALDO DE LA REVOLUCION. 2. LA INDEPENDENCIA (Independence). 3. LA REPUBLICA PILIPINA (The Philippine Republic). 4. LA LIBERTAD (Liberty). Reported By: Jan Louie Camma Cabrera ( Marie Liza Faller Huerto ( GB!!!

Writings of the Third Wave-Gilley Essays

Writings of the Third Wave-Gilley Essays Writings of the Third Wave-Gilley Essay Writings of the Third Wave-Gilley Essay Writings of the Third Wave-Gilley BY Marsaar2412 However, one need only look at the cover images to see what is wrong with Bellafantes picture. McBeal, lest we forget, is not a real person. For the popular media to decry young feminism based on popular media depictions of it is truly a postmodern example of pop culture eating itself. These writers, while not following any unified stance, define themselves as the third wave, an appellation that serves to distinguish them from the first and second waves of feminism while simultaneously marking them as a continuation thereof. The waves metaphor is used to denote ontinuity of movement containing swells and troughs rather than discrete, isolated periods of political involvement. The theoretical underpinnings of the third wave, therefore, come from three widely divergent streams of thought that coexisted during this time. Many third-wave writers talk about how their feminist mothers or fathers gave them the sense of entitlement that made them feel feminist struggle might no longer be necessary. A second predominant message of the time was that feminism had gone too far and, in fact, was to blame for the exhaustion of women trying to do ouble duty as career women and wives and mothers. Media stereotypes of the hairy-legged, bra-burning, anti-male, strident feminist permeated the culture. This led to the phenomenon of Im not a feminist, but syndrome. These three books claimed that contemporary feminism had devolved into what they called victim feminism, in which women derived all of their rhetorical power from claiming to be victims, particularly of sexual violence. Wolf, along with Roiphe and Paglia, argued for power feminism, a worldview in which women are still being oppressed simply because we are allowing it to happen. The third stone in the bedrock of third-wave feminism is that, contrary to being unnecessary or having gone too far, the movement had not gone far enough, limiting itself to the narrow interests of its white, liberal majority. Although a lesbian, Moraga did not want to take up alliances against the men in her community with whom she must work to end racial oppression. This Bridge and the spate of anthologies by women of color that followed in its wake served as a clarion call to the feminist movement to examine its own racism and classism in order to rebuild as a powerful movement fighting for the interests of all omen. The phrase third wave as applied to a new strain of feminism first appeared in the late 1980s; women of color used the term to describe a feminist movement engaged in analyzing and eschewing its internalized racism. Rebecca Walker officially launched the third wave as an identifiable entity in her 1992 Ms. article, Becoming the Third Wave. l write this as a plea to all women, especially the women of my generation: Let Thomas confirmation serve to remind you, as it did me, that the fght is far from over Turn that outrage into political power . I am nota ostfeminism feminist. I am the Third Wave. Her use of the word I highlights the third waves focus on individualism, but also its reluctance to speak in an assumed† and potent ially false†solidarity. for what defines good feminism or who is a good feminist. For example, is a lesbian more feminist than a heterosexual woman? Does wearing lipstick make you a bad feminist? theres no single young feminist perspectlve. But more to tne polnt, tneres no one Temlnlst perspective, ana tnere never has been. Third-wavers Jennifer Baumgardner and Amy Richards rgue, Feminism isnt about what choice you make, but the freedom to make that choice. Many young feminists are now exercising their right to freely choose these traditionally gendered modes. In 1991, a group of young women in the punk scene in Olympia, Washington, and Washington D. C. organized themselves to protest the sexism in the music underground and named themselves Riot Grrrl. Grrrl, a word coined by Bikini Kill singer and activist Kathleen Hanna, is a spontaneous young- feminist reclamation of the word girl at least partially derived from a phrase of ncouragement popularized by young American blac k women in the late 1980s: You go guuuuurll! Riot Grrrls frequently adopted girly modes of dress, wearing baby doll dresses, knee-high socks, and minibarrettes alongside their combat boots, piercings, and aggressive attitudes. Young feminists, in addition to including trappings of girlhood in their personal style, also began to reclaim other traditional female arenas as a political act. n which she argues that it is time to rethink the position that girls doing traditionally male activities is feminist, but girls doing traditionally female activities is not. Finally, the reclamation of public sexual performance, such as burlesque, vaudeville, and strip shows, is getting a lot of feminist press. While it is highly doubtful that any significant number of second-wave feminists were anti-sex, Andrea Dworkins famous statement that all heterosexual sex is rape took feminist arguments about the power of the phallus too far and instigated a near-riot (philosophically speaking) known as th e Sex Wars in feminism. In addition to refusing to limit their sexual desires based on political analysis, many third-wavers believe in the use of female sexuality as a power tool. The use of sexuality as a form of power is highly controversial and not endorsed by all (or perhaps even most) of the third wave, but it is included in the discussion. The third waves insistence on the ability to embrace contradiction, and its refusal to fit into neat categories, makes it the perfect home for a new theory of transgenderism. omen-only events like the Michigan Womyns Music Festival on the argument that female-to-male transsexuals are currently recipients of male privilege and male-to- female transsexuals had male privilege during their socialization as youth. Although media representations are not real, they definitely influence and shape societys reading of reality Within this, analyzing hip-hop music has become a particular specialty of the third wave, and in fact, many young African American feminists call them selves hip-hop feminists instead of third-wavers. Control of the media is the single most important issue of our time. 16 One way for young activists to wrest control of the media is to create some themselves; third-wavers have taken advantage of todays multimedia possibilities to do Just that. Third-wavers are concerned with publishing in popular ormats and venues, so as to be a part of the culture they critique; they are not interested in being confined to academia, nor do they feel academic feminism gives them the freedom to theorize in new ways. Is the third wave in opposition to the second, or a continuation of it? There are several indicators that the conflict is overhyped: many third-wavers have a past association with Ms. , a bastion of second- wave feminism. In Wrltlngs 0T tne I ave Ollley sort 0T opens up tne Idea 0T tnlra-wave feminism. For many still, the idea that feminism is a thing of the past still rings true, ut Gilley points out through a series of writings that that is not the case. She also tries to separate it from the second-wave of feminism and the thoughts of being a postfeminist. She does this by giving historical background of the start of the Third Wave and what the theories of this wave are: queer theory, anti-racism, and women- of-color consciousness. Personally, I believe in the idea of the Third Wave and take part in the idea that feminism is still in fact a current problem. I think, however, that it is Just recently picking up the necessary steam to make a difference. Feminism has ort of taken a backseat in earlier years so other groups could obtain their more basic rights and while that is great, it is now Just getting back into the forefront of peoples minds through media outlets. Still, it is not making headlines and that is why†I believe†it is still a popular idea in some areas that it is an old idea, because weve fallen into this rut and people dont truly see the inequalities that are still occurring. 1. Gilley brings up the idea ofa having to separate oppression in society with Cherrie Moraga and her statement of, The lesbian separatist utopia? No thank you, sisters. Gilley points out that people are oppressed in many ways and that they have to basically choose their battles. From this, do you believe that there is a hierarchy of oppression still evident in todays society? And if you do, how do you think this could possibly be solved? 2. Gilley mentions the idea of the stereotypical hairy legged, bra-burning, anti male feminist. This idea that many believe feminists to be leads to the idea of feminism being either this radical thing†which rarely it is anymore†or a sort of Joke. So, how do you think we should fix this idea and hopefully stop the Im not a feminist, but syndrome Gilley brings up?

Timeline of Rockets - Leaving Earth Behind

Timeline of Rockets - Leaving Earth Behind 3000 BCE Babylonian astrologer-astronomers begin making methodical observations of the skies. 2000 BCE Babylonians develop a zodiac. 1300 BCE Chinese use of firework rockets becomes widespread. 1000 BCE Babylonians record sun/moon/planetary movements - Egyptians use sun clock. 600-400 BCE Pythagoras of Samos sets up a school. Parmenides of Elea, a student, proposes a spherical Earth made from condensed air and divided into five zones. He also sets forth ideas for stars being made of compressed fire and a finite, motionless, and spherical universe with illusory motion. 585 BCE Thales of Miletus, a Greek astronomer of the Ionian school, predicts the angular diameter of the sun. He also effectively predicts a solar eclipse, frightening Media and Lydia into negotiating for peace with the Greeks. 388-315 BCE Heraclides of Pontus explains the daily rotation of the stars by assuming that the Earth spins on its axis. He also discovers that Mercury and Venus revolve around the Sun instead of the Earth. 360 BCE Flying Pigeon (device that uses thrust) of Archytas made. 310-230 BCE Aristarchus of Samos proposes that the Earth revolves around the Sun. 276-196 BCE Eratosthenes, a Greek astronomer, measures the circumference of the Earth. He also finds the differences between planets and stars and prepares a star catalog. 250 BCE Herons aeolipile, which used steam power, was made. 150 BCE Hipparchus of Nicaea tries to measure the size of the sun and the moon. He also works on a theory to explain planetary motion and composes a star catalog with 850 entries. 46-120 AD - Plutarch sets forth in his De facie in orbe lunae (On the Face of the Moons Disk) 70 AD, that the moon is a small Earth inhabited by intelligent beings. He also puts forth theories that lunar markings are due to defects in our eyes, reflections from the Earth, or deep ravines filled with water or dark air. 127-141 AD Ptolomy publishes Almagest (aka Megiste Syntaxis-Great Collection), which states that the Earth is a central globe, with the universe revolving around it. 150 AD Lucian of Samosatas True History is published, the first science fiction story about Moon voyages. He also later does Icaromenippus, another moon-voyage story. 800 AD Baghdad becomes the astronomical study center of the world. 1010 AD The Persian poet Firdaus publishes a 60,000-verse epic poem, Sh_h-N_ma, about cosmic travel. 1232 AD Rockets ( arrows of flying fire) used at the siege of Kai-fung-fu. 1271 AD Robert Anglicus attempts to document surface and weather conditions on planets. 1380 AD T. Przypkowski studies rocketry. 1395-1405 AD Konrad Kyeser von Eichstdt produces Bellifortis, describing many military rockets. 1405 AD - Von Eichstdt writes about sky-rockets. 1420 AD - Fontana designs various rockets. 1543 AD - Nicolaus Copernicus publishes De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Orbs), reviving Aristarchus heliocentric theory. 1546-1601 AD - Tycho Brahe measures positions of stars and planets. Supports heliocentric theory. 1564-1642 AD - Galileo Galilei first uses the telescope to observe the skies. Discovers sunspots, four major satellites on Jupiter (1610), and Venus phases. Defends Copernican theory in Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo (Dialogue of the Two Chief Systems of the World), 1632. 1571-1630 AD - Johannes Kepler derives the three great laws of planetary motion: planetary orbits are ellipses with the sun as one focus of the directly related to its distance from the Sun. Findings were published in Astronomia nova (New Astronomy), 1609, and De harmonice mundi (On the Harmony of the World), 1619. 1591 AD - Von Schmidlap writes a book about non-military rockets. Proposes rockets stabilized by sticks and rockets mounted on rockets for extra power. 1608 AD - Telescopes invented. 1628 AD - Mao Yuan-I makes the Wu Pei Chih, describing gunpowder and rocket manufacture and use. 1634 AD - Posthumous publication of Keplers Somnium (Dream), a science fiction entry defending heliocentrism. 1638 AD - Posthumous publication of Francis Goodwins The Man in the Moon: or a Discourse of Voyage Thither. It puts forth the theory that the attraction from the Earth is greater than that from the moon Publication of John Wilkins Discovery of a New World a discourse about life on other planets. 1642-1727 AD - Isaac Newton  synthesizes recent astronomical discoveries through universal gravitation in his famed, Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), 1687. 1649, 1652 AD - Cyranos reference to fire-crackers in his novels, Voyage dans la Lune (Voyage to the Moon) and Histoire des États etc Empires du Soleil (History of the States and Empires of the Sun). Both refer to the newest scientific theories. 1668 AD - Rocket experiments near Berlin by the German colonel, Christoph von Geissler. 1672 AD - Cassini, an Italian astronomer, predicts the distance between Earth and Sun to be 86,000,000 miles. 1686 AD - Bernard de Fontenelles popular astronomy book, Entretiens sur la Pluralità © des Mondes (Discourses on the Plurality of Worlds) published. Contained speculations about the habitability of the planets. 1690 AD - Gabriel Daniels Voiage du Monde de Descartes (Voyage to the World of Descartes) discusses the souls separation from the body in order to go to the Globe of the Moon. 1698 AD - Christian Huygens, renowned scientist, writes Cosmotheoros, or Conjectures Concerning the Planetary Worlds, a non-fictional premise on life on other planets. 1703 AD - David Russens Iter Lunare: or Voyage to the Moon uses the idea of catapulting to the moon. 1705 AD - Daniel Defoes The Consolidator tells of an ancient races mastery of Lunar flight and describes various spaceships and legends of lunar flights. 1752 AD - Voltaires Micromà ©gas describes a race of people on the star Sirius. 1758 AD - Emanuel Swedenborg writes Earths in our Solar System, which takes Christian Huygens non-fictional approach to discussing life on other planets. 1775 AD - Louis Folie writes Le Philosophe Sans Prà ©tention, about a Mercurian who observes Earthlings. 1781 AD - March 13:  William Herschel  makes his own  telescope  and discovers Uranus. He also puts forth theories of a habitable sun and life on other planetary bodies. Hyder Ali of India uses rockets against the British (were composed of heavy metal tubes guided by bamboo and had a range of a mile). 1783 AD - First  manned balloon  flight made. 1792-1799 AD - Further use of military rockets against the British in India. 1799-1825 AD - Pierre Simon, Marquis de Laplace, produces a five-volume work to describe the Newtonian system of the world, entitled Celestial Mechanics. 1800 - British Admiral  Sir William Congreve  began working with rockets for military purposes in England. He had originally adapted the idea from Indian rockets. 1801 AD - Rocket experiments carried out by the scientist,  Congreve. Astronomers discover that the large gap between Mars and Jupiter contains a large asteroid belt. The largest, Ceres, was found to have a diameter of 480 miles. 1806 - Claude Ruggiere launched small animals in rockets equipped with parachutes, in France. 1806 AD - First major rocket bombardment done (on Boulogne, using Congreve rockets). 1807 AD - William Congreve  used his rockets in the  Napoleonic Wars, as the British attacked Copenhagen and Denmark. 1812 AD - British rocket fire on Blasdenburg. Results in the taking of Washington D.C. and the White House. 1813 AD - British Rocket Corps formed. Begin by taking action in Leipzig. 1814 AD - August 9: British rocket fire on Fort McHenry prompts Francis Scott Key to write the rockets red glare line in his famous poem. During the War of Independence, the British used the  Congreve rockets  to attack  Fort McHenry  in Baltimore. 1817 - In St. Petersburg, Russian Zasyadko rockets were fired. 1825 AD - Dutch forces bomb the Celebes tribe in the East Indies  William Hale  develops the stickless rocket. 1826 AD - Congreve performs further rocket experiments using stage rockets (rockets mounted on rockets) as set out by Von Schmidlap. 1827 AD - George Tucker, under the pseudonym Joseph Atterlay, represents a new wave in science fiction, through describing a spaceship in A Voyage to the Moon with some Account of the Manners and Customs, Science and Philosophy of the People of Morosofia and other Lunarians. 1828 - Russian Zasyadko rockets were put to use in the Russo Turkish War. 1835 AD - Edgar Allen Poe describes a lunar voyage in a balloon in Lunar Discoveries, Extraordinary Aerial Voyage by Baron Hans Pfaall. August 25: Richard Adams Locke publishes his Moon Hoax. He publishes a week-long serial in the New York Sun, as if written by Sir John Herschel, discoverer of Uranus, about moon creatures. This was under the title, Great Astronomical Discoveries Lately Made By Sir John Herschel. 1837 AD - Wilhelm Beer and Johann von Mdler publish a map of the moon using the telescope at Beers observatory. 1841 - C. Golightly was granted the first  patent  in England for a rocket-airplane. 1846 AD - Urbain Leverrier discovers Neptune. 1865 Jules Verne published his novel, entitled From the Earth to the Moon. 1883 Tsiolkovskys Free Space was published by Tsiolkovsky who describes a rocket that functioned in a vacuum under Newtons Action-Reaction laws of motion. 1895 Tsiolkovsky published a book on space exploration which was entitled Dreams of the Earth and the Sky. 1901 H.G. Wells published his book, The First Man in the Moon, in which a substance with anti-gravity properties launched men to the moon. 1903 Tsiolkovsky produced a work entitled Exploring Space with Devices. Within, he discussed the applications of liquid propellants. 1909 Robert Goddard, in his study of fuels, determined that liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen would serve as an efficient source of propulsion, when properly combusted. 1911 Russian Gorochof published plans for a reaction airplane which operated on crude oil and compressed air for fuel. 1914 Robert Goddard  was granted two U.S. patents for rockets using solid fuel, liquid fuel, multiple propellant charges, and multi-stage designs. 1918 November 6-7, Goddard fired several rocket devices for representatives of the U.S. Signal Corps, Air Corps, Army ordinance and other assorted guests, at the Aberdeen proving grounds. 1919 Robert Goddard  wrote, and then submitted A Method of Attaining Extreme Altitudes, to the Smithsonian Institution for publication. 1923 Herman Oberth published The Rocket into Interplanetary Space in Germany creating discussion on the technology of rocket propulsion. 1924 Tsiolkovsky conceived the idea of multi-stage rockets, and discussed them for the first time in Cosmic Rocket Trains. A Central Committee for the Study of Rocket Propulsion was established in the Soviet Union, in April. 1925 The Attainability of Celestial Bodies, by Walter Hohmann, described the principles involved in interplanetary flight. 1926 March 16:  Robert Goddard  tested the worlds first successful  liquid-fueled rocket, in Auburn, Massachusetts. It attained a height of 41 feet in 2.5 seconds, and it came to rest 184 feet from the launch pad. 1927 Enthusiasts in Germany formed the Society for Space Travel. Hermann Oberth was among the first several members to join. Die Rakete, a rocket publication, began in Germany. 1928 The first of nine volumes of an encyclopedia on interplanetary travel was published by Russian Professor Nikolai Rynin. In April, the first manned, rocket-powered, automobile was tested by Fritz von Opel, Max Valier and others, in Berlin, Germany. In June, the first manned flight in a rocket-powered glider was achieved. Friedrich Stamer was the pilot, and flew about one mile. Launch was achieved by an elastic launch rope and a 44 pound thrust rocket, then a second rocket fired while airborne. Hermann Oberth began acting as consultant to Film Director Fritz Langs Girl in the Moon and built a rocket for premiere publicity. The rocket exploded on the launch pad. 1929 Hermann Oberth published his second book about space travel, and one chapter included the idea of an electric space ship. On July 17, Robert Goddard launched a small 11 ft. rocket which carried a small camera, barometer and thermometer which were recovered after the flight. In August, many small  solid-propellant  rockets were attached to Junkers-33 seaplane, and were used to achieve the first recorded jet-assisted airplane take-off. 1930 In April, The American Rocket Society was founded in New York City by David Lasser, G. Edward Pendray, and ten others for the purpose of promoting interest in space travel. December 17th marked the establishment of a rocket program Kummersdorf. It was also decided that the Kummersdorf proving grounds would be equipped to develop military missiles. On December 30th,  Robert Goddard  fired an 11 foot  liquid fueled rocket, to a height of 2000 feet at a speed of 500 miles per hour. The launch took place near Roswell New Mexico. 1931 In Austria, Friedrich Schmiedl fired the worlds first mail carrying  rocket. David Lassers book, The Conquest of Space, was published in the United States. May 14: VfR successfully launched a  liquid-fueled rocket  to a height of 60 meters. 1932 Von Braun  and his colleagues demonstrated a  liquid fueled  rocket to the German Army. It crashed before the parachute opened, but  Von Braun  was soon employed to develop liquid fueled rockets for the Army. On April 19th, the first  Goddard  rocket with gyroscopically controlled vanes was fired. The vanes gave it automatically stabilized flight. In November, at Stockton N.J., the American Interplanetary Society tested a rocket design that they had adapted from the German Society for Space Travels designs. 1933 The Soviets launched a new rocket fueled by  solid  and  liquid  fuels, which reached a height of 400 meters. The launch took place near Moscow. At Stanten Island, New York, the American Interplanetary Society launched its No. 2 rocket, and watched it attain 250 feet in altitude in 2 seconds. 1934 In December,  Von Braun  and his associates launched 2 A-2 rockets, both to heights of 1.5 miles. 1935 The Russians fired a  liquid, powered rocket that achieved a height of over eight miles. In March, a rocket of Robert Goddards exceeded the speed of sound. In May,  Goddard  launched one of his gyro-controlled rockets to a height of 7500 feet, in New Mexico. 1936 Scientists from the California Institute of Technology began rocket testing near Pasadena, CA. This marked the beginning of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Smithsonian Institution printed  Robert Goddards  famous report,   Liquid  Propellant Rocket Development, in March. 1937 Von Braun  and his team relocated to a special, purpose-built rocket testing facility at Peenemunde on the Baltic Coast of Germany. Russia established rocket test centers in Leningrad, Moscow and Kazan. Goddard watched one of his rockets fly to higher than 9,000 feet, on March 27. This was the highest altitude attained by any of the  Goddard Rockets. 1938 Goddard  began to develop high speed fuel pumps, in order to better outfit  liquid fueled  rockets. 1939 German scientists fired, and recovered, A-5 rockets with gyroscopic controls that attained seven miles altitude and eleven miles range. 1940 The Royal Air Force used rockets against the Luftwaffe planes in the Battle of Britain. 1941 In July, the first U.S. based launch of a rocket assisted airplane took place. Lt. Homer A. Boushey piloted the craft. The U.S. Navy began developing Mousetrap, which was a ship-based 7.2 inch mortar-fired bomb. 1942 The U.S. Air Force launched its first air-to-air and air-to-surface rockets. After a failed attempt in June, Germans managed to successfully launch an  A-4  (V2) rocket, in October. It traveled 120 miles downrange from the launch pad. 1944 January 1st marked the beginning of long-range rocket development, by the California Institute of Technology. This testing resulted in the Private-A and Corporal rockets. In September, the first fully operational  V2 rocket  was launched against London, from Germany. Over a thousand V2s followed. Between the 1st and 16th of December, twenty four Private-A rockets were test fired at Camp Irwin, CA. 1945 Germany successfully launched the A-9, a winged prototype of the first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile, which was designed to reach North America. It reached almost 50 miles in altitude, and achieved a speed of 2,700 mph. The launch was executed on January 24th. In February, the Secretary of War approved the Armys plans to establish the White Sands Proving Grounds, for testing new rockets. On April 1st through 13th, seventeen rounds of Private-F rockets were fired at Hueco Ranch, Texas. On May 5th, Peenemunde was captured by the Red army, but the facilities there were mostly destroyed by the personnel. Von Braun  was captured by the U.S. and relocated to the White Sands proving ground in New Mexico. He was made part of Operation Paperclip. May 8th marked the end of the war in Europe. At the time of the German collapse, more than 20,000 V-1s and V-2s had been fired. Components of approximately 100 V-2 rockets arrived at the White Sands Testing Grounds, in August. On August 10,  Robert Goddard  died due to cancer. He died at the University of Maryland Hospital in Baltimore. In October, the U.S. Army established its first Guided Missile Battalion, with the Army Guard Forces. The Secretary Of War approved plans to bring top German rocket engineers to the U.S., in order to further knowledge and technology. Fifty five German scientists arrived at Fort Bliss and White Sands Proving Grounds, in December. 1946 In January, the U.S. outer space research program was started with captured  V-2 rockets. A V-2 panel of representatives of interested agencies was formed, and more than 60 rockets were fired before the supply was finally exhausted. On March 15, the first American built V-2 rocket was static-fired at the White Sands Proving Grounds. The first American-built rocket to leave the earths atmosphere (the WAC) was launched on March 22nd. It was launched from White Sands, and attained 50 miles of altitude. The U.S. Army began a program to develop two stage rockets. This resulted in the WAC Corporal as the 2nd stage of a  V-2. On October 24th, a V-2 with a motion picture camera was launched. It recorded images from 65 miles above the earth, covering 40,000 square miles. On December 17th, the first night-flight of a V-2 occurred. It achieved a record making 116 miles of altitude, and velocity of 3600 mph. German rocket engineers arrived in Russia to begin work with Soviet rocket research groups. Sergei Korolev built rockets using technology from the  V-2. 1947 The Russians began launch tests of their  V-2 rockets, at Kapustin Yar. Telemetry was successfully used for the first time in a V-2, launched from White Sands. On February 20th, the first of a series of rockets was launched for the purpose of testing ejection canister effectivity. On May 29, a modified V-2 landed 1.5 miles south of Juarez, Mexico, narrowly missing a large ammunition dump. The first V-2 to be launched from a ship was launched from the deck of the U.S.S. Midway, on September 6th. 1948 On May 13th, the first two-stage rocket launched in the Western Hemisphere was launched from the White Sands facility. It was a  V-2  which had been converted to include a WAC-Corporal upper stage. It reached a total altitude of 79 miles. White Sands launched the first in a series of rockets that contained live animals, on June 11. The launches were named Albert, after the monkey that rode in the first rocket. Albert died of suffocation in the rocket. Several monkeys and mice were killed in the experiments. On June 26, two rockets, a  V-2  and an Aerobee were launched from White Sands. The V-2 attained 60.3 miles, while the Aerobee attained 70 miles altitude. 1949 A number 5 two-stage rocket was launched to 244 miles of altitude, and 5,510 mph velocity over White Sands. It set a new record for the time-being, on February 24. On May 11,  President Truman  signed a bill for a 5,000 mile test range to extend from Cape Kennedy Florida. The Secretary of the Army approved the relocation of the White Sands scientists and their equipment to Huntsville, Alabama. 1950 On July 24th, the first rocket launch from Cape Kennedy was a number 8 of the two-stage rockets. It climbed to a total of 25 miles in altitude. A number 7 two-stage rocket was launched from Cape Kennedy. It set the record for the fastest moving man-made object, by traveling Mach 9. 1951 The Jet Propulsion Laboratory of California launched the first of a series of 3,544 Loki rockets, on June 22. The program ended 4 years later, after having fired the most rounds in ten years at White Sands. On August 7, a Navy Viking 7 rocket set the new altitude record for single stage rockets by reaching 136 miles and a speed of 4,100 mph. The launch of the 26th V-2, on October 29, concluded the use of the German rockets in upper atmosphere testing. 1952 On July 22, the first production-line Nike rocket made a successful flight. 1953 A missile was fired from an underground launch facility in White Sands on June 5. The facility was constructed by the Army Corps of Engineers. The first launch of the Armys Redstone missile, on August 20th, was conducted at Cape Kennedy by Redstone Arsenal Personnel. 1954 On August 17th, the first firing of a Lacrosse Group A  missile  was conducted at the White Sands facility. 1955 The White House announced, on July 29th, that President Eisenhower approved plans to launch unmanned satellites to circle the earth, as participation in the  International Geophysical Year. The Russians soon made similar announcements. On November 1st, the first guided missile equipped cruiser was placed in commission at the Philadelphia Naval Yard. On November 8th, the Secretary of Defense approved the  Jupiter  and Thor Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) programs. President Eisenhower placed highest priority on Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) and the Thor and Jupiter IRBM programs on December 1st.

MIcro and Macro Economic Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MIcro and Macro Economic Analysis - Assignment Example Speculations in the prices of oil causes the demand to rise or fall in various times of the year. For example, oil products are greatly demanded in countries experiencing winter because they are used for heating purposes. On the other hand, the supply of petroleum products is mainly dependent on the prices of crude oil, technology and the availability of qualified personnel to extract the products. It is also highly dependent on the political instabilities prevailing in OPEC countries (Etro, 2009). These countries usually have control on the supply and pricing of the product around the globe thereby affecting the profitability’s of many petroleum companies. b) Explain The Market Structure In Which The Chosen Company Operates With Regards To The Chosen Product The British Petroleum Company is found in the oligopoly structure of the market. This is because there are fewer sellers of the products around the globe. They are also highly sensitive to the other companies pricing alon g with their strategies of marketing. In this market structure it becomes very difficult for new entrants to join the market. The sellers in this market structures are always aware of the strategies that their competitors are using. There are several competitors for the company who have branches all around the globe though there are many restrictions that have been placed to bar entrants into the industry. Dealing in petroleum products also requires very high capital and is also a very risky business due to the risks involved (Dunn & Mutti, 2004). c) Explain What The Company Can Do To Continue To Operate In This Profitable Market Structure Or Move Towards A More Profitable Or Sustainable Market Structure In order to continue operating profitably in this market structure, the British Petroleum Company needs to adopt more efficient technologies that aid in their exploration efforts for newer sources of oil. The company should further invest in the exploration of non-conventional raw m aterials since the current sources are in very high demand and are nearing depletion. For example, the company can invest in exploring more into the field of oil sans which could yield a lot of untapped resources. These measures will eventually assist the company in countering the uncertainties that fill the pricing of crude oil. For example, the recent civilian uprisings in the Middle East greatly affected the prices of oil around the globe leading some trading companies into encountering losses (Mankiw, 2011). d) Comment On The Different Elasticity Concepts That Can Influence The Pricing Strategy Or The Competitiveness Of The Chosen Product/Company. The product is affected by various elasticity factors of demand and supply. The elasticity of demand that usually affect the products are the price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity between different companies. The price elasticity usually refers to the changes in the quantities of the products demanded in relation to the changes in the prices of the products. The income elasticity mainly refers to the changes that the company experiences in its income in relation to changes in the demand of petroleum products. The British Petroleum Company is also greatly affected by the cross elasticity that exists between different firms (Gwartney, Stroup, Sobel & MacPhearson, 2008). This type of elasticity is responsible for measuring the